Automated procedure-determination and decision-generation

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems for automated monitoring are described herein. In various embodiments, image data of an enclosed area captured by an imaging device ( 102 ), audio data captured from the enclosed area by a sound sensor ( 104 ), and odor data captured from the enclosed area by an odor sensor ( 106 ), may be obtained by a computing device (HO). Based on the image, audio, and odor data, a determination ( 400 ) of an activity taking place within the enclosed area may be made. In various embodiments, one or more objects or persons in the enclosed area may be identified by performing image processing on the image data. The determined activity may be compared with corresponding data and parameters previously stored in a rules and schedules database ( 120 ). Based on the comparison and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database, an action may be selected to be performed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the U.S. National Phase application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2017/056868, filed Mar. 22, 2017, published as WO 2017/162767 on Sep. 28, 2017, which claims the benefit of European Patent Application Number 16161534.9 filed Mar. 22, 2016. These applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Facilities such as hospitals, assisted-living facilities (“ALF”), and nurseries cater to individuals that are dependent and in need of special care, such as children, elderly, and disabled people. These individuals often need to be constantly monitored and taken care of. Aside from monitoring occupants of a facility, it is also necessary to monitor events and carry out health and safety-related procedures inside the facility to ensure the well-being of facility residents or patients. In hospitals, it would also be very useful to monitor the status of various medical equipment and devices, in addition to monitoring the status of patients in each hospital room without having to rely on medical personnel to conduct those monitoring constantly. In a large hospital or hospice, ensuring consistent compliance and monitoring of the required and scheduled procedures could be challenging where there may be a large number of patients or residents that need to be tracked around the clock. An automated system for monitoring of those facilities and personnel's compliance with scheduled tasks could greatly enhance monitoring efficiency, reduce or prevent accidents, improve compliance, and reduce overall costs associated with the operation of those facilities. Other facilities that could benefit from the application of an automated monitoring system are warehouses, offices, stores, day care centers, parks, zoos, and schools.

Monitoring systems using imaging devices such as closed circuit televisions (“CCTVs”) are widely used for monitoring facilities. However, many of these monitoring systems are not automated and still require human intervention (e.g., someone has to watch the CCTV feed) to conduct the monitoring of a facility and its personnel. Hence, there exists a need for an automated system for monitoring residents, personnel, patients, occupants, actions, procedures, events, tasks, and objects in a facility room or area.

U.S. Pat. App. No. 2013/0314522 discloses a patient monitoring system that monitors a patient, the patient's activity, and at least one medical device and also discloses the use of a microphone to detect sounds. U.S. Pat. App. No. 2012/0075464 discloses a monitoring system to determine actions taking place inside a monitored area.

The present disclosure offers an improvement over the aforementioned prior art by providing an automated monitoring system and method that executes a corresponding action based on a determined procedure from detected and identified parameters and comparison with pre-stored data and parameters.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a method for automated monitoring of one or more procedures comprising: obtaining, by one or more processors, image data captured by an imaging device of an enclosed area; obtaining, by the one or more processors, audio data captured from the enclosed area by a sound sensor; obtaining, by the one or more processors, odor data captured from the enclosed area by an odor sensor; determining, by the one or more processors based on the image, audio, and odor data, an activity taking place within the enclosed area, wherein one or more objects or persons are identified by performing image processing on the image data; comparing, by the one or more processors, the determined activity with corresponding data and parameters previously stored in a rules and schedules database; and selecting, by the one or more processors, an action to be performed based on the compared activity and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database.

In various embodiments, the method may further include obtaining motion data captured by a motion sensor, wherein the determining is further based on the motion data. In various embodiments, the method may additionally or alternatively include identifying motion of one or more persons in the enclosed area based on the image data captured by the imaging device. In various versions, the determining may be further based on the identified motion.

In various embodiments, the activity may violate one or more rules in the rules and schedules database. In various versions, the action to be performed may include raising an alert to the patient or to a caregiver that the patient has violated the one or more rules. In various versions, the one or more rules may include a rule that the patient is supposed fast for a predetermined time interval, and/or a rule that the patient is supposed to be asleep during a predetermined time interval.

In various embodiments, the odor data may include the smell of urine, feces, or vomit in the enclosed area. In various versions, the action to be performed may include raising an alert to prompt a caregiver to change sheets or a diaper worn by a patient in the enclosed area. In various embodiments, the odor data may include the smell of smoke in the enclosed area.

In various embodiments, the method may further include performing image processing on the captured image data to identify one or more persons in the enclosed area. In various versions, the image processing may include identification of visual indicia worn by the one or more persons. In various versions, the image processing may include facial recognition of the one or more persons. In various embodiments, the method may further include performing object recognition on the captured image data to identify medical equipment in the enclosed area.

The present disclosure also relates to a system for automated monitoring of one or more procedures taking place within an enclosed area comprising: an imaging device to capture image data inside an enclosed area; an odor sensor to detect one or more odors from the enclosed area; a rules and schedules database; and a computing device in communication with the imaging device, the odor sensor, and the rules and schedules database. The computing device may be configured to: perform image processing on the image data to identify one or more objects and one or more persons in the enclosed area; perform image processing on the image data to detect one or more movements of the one or more objects or by the one or more persons; process and store contextual data relating to the identified objects and persons, detected movements, and detected odors; and analyze and correlate the contextual data with corresponding pre-stored data parameters in the rules and schedules database.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, are incorporated herein to illustrate embodiments of the disclosure. Together with the description, they also serve to explain the principle of the disclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an automated monitoring system according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an automated monitoring system for monitoring an assisted living facility room;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an automated monitoring system for alerting a medical personnel regarding a scheduled patient visitation;

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart for the determination of a procedure taking place within an enclosed area according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart for the comparison between the determined procedure and the corresponding pre-stored parameters in the rules and schedules database; and

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart for the execution of a corresponding action based on the compared procedure and a decision generated by the computing device using the rules and schedules database.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following are definitions of terms as used in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

The term “procedure” as used herein is used to collectively refer to actions, events, tasks such as a cleaning or maintenance task, and procedures such as a medical procedure, test, or examination. The term “procedures database” as used herein refers to a database comprising data and pre-stored parameters corresponding to or relating to one or more procedures, tasks, or events.

The term “room” as used herein refers to a space substantially or completely enclosed by one or more walls, a floor, and a ceiling that can be occupied by or populated with one or more people or objects. The term “hospital room” as used herein refers to a room in a medical facility, such as a hospital. The hospital room will typically include one or more pieces of hospital equipment, devices, rooms, and facilities, as well as patients, medical personnel, and visitors. The terms “assisted-living facility room” and “ALF room” as used herein refer to a room in an ALF designed to provide various types of health and medical-related services, personal care or personal assistance services such as nursing, medical, and housekeeping services. An example of an ALF is a housing facility for the disabled and the elderly. The term “nursery room” as used herein refers to a room or a facility where infants, toddlers, and children may be temporarily placed along with one or more care providers. The nursery room may comprise at least one child, a chaperone, and at least one nursery staff.

The term “medical setting” as used herein refers to a setting in a room in a medical or health facility that includes particular objects and persons of interest that provide context to the setting. For example, a monitoring system that detects the presence of a patient and an X-ray technician that the monitoring system correctly identifies as being scheduled to be present in the X-ray room of the hospital at or near that particular moment indicates to the monitoring system that an X-ray scan is about to be performed in the X-ray room involving that particular technician and patient.

The term “rules and schedules database” as used herein refers to a database comprising data and pre-stored parameters corresponding to or relating to one or more rules, schedules, and corresponding actions or decisions resulting from a comparison of those pre-stored data and parameters with detected, monitored, or measured one or more parameters.

The term “computing device” as used herein refers to any device capable of being programmed, performing mathematical and logical operations, or displaying and processing data and the results of any of those operations. Computing devices may include, e.g., connected via one or more buses, standard computing components such as one or more processors, one or more types of memory (e.g., volatile memory such as RAM, non-volatile memory such as a hard drive), at least one computer program and/or operating system contained in the memory, a power supply, input/output devices, and so forth. Computing devices may come in various form factors, including but not limited to desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, smart phones, wearable computing devices such as smart watches and smart glasses, set top boxes, and so forth.

The present disclosure relates to a method for automated monitoring of one or more procedures comprising: obtaining, by one or more processors, image data captured by an imaging device of an enclosed area; obtaining, by the one or more processors, audio data captured from the enclosed area by a sound sensor; obtaining, by the one or more processors, odor data captured from the enclosed area by an odor sensor; determining, by the one or more processors based on the image, audio, and odor data, an activity taking place within the enclosed area, wherein one or more objects or persons are identified by performing image processing on the image data; comparing, by the one or more processors, the determined activity with corresponding data and parameters previously stored in a rules and schedules database; and selecting, by the one or more processors, an action to be performed based on the compared activity and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database.

The present disclosure also relates to a system for automated monitoring of one or more procedures taking place within an enclosed area comprising: an imaging device to capture image data inside an enclosed area; an odor sensor to detect one or more odors from the enclosed area; a rules and schedules database; and a computing device in communication with the imaging device, the odor sensor, and the rules and schedules database. The computing device may be configured to: perform image processing on the image data to identify one or more objects and one or more persons in the enclosed area; perform image processing on the image data to detect one or more movements of the one or more objects or by the one or more persons; process and store contextual data relating to the identified objects and persons, detected movements, and detected odors; and analyze and correlate the contextual data with corresponding pre-stored data parameters in the rules and schedules database.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method is directed to an automated monitoring of one or more procedures comprising: identifying objects and persons and detecting movements using an imaging device connected to a computing device, wherein the computing device is connected to at least one database; capturing sounds in a room using a sound sensor connected to the computing device; detecting smells using an odor sensor; determining a procedure or event by comparing the identified objects and persons, detected movements, captured sounds, and detected smells with corresponding pre-stored parameters in a procedures database and other databases such as a sounds database, odor database, personnel database, and objects database; comparing the determined procedure with corresponding pre-stored parameters in a rules and schedules database; and executing a corresponding action based on the compared procedure and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database. In an example embodiment, data relating to persons, objects, movements, sounds, and smells are stored in a personnel database, objects database, motion database, sounds database, and odor database, respectively.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, a system is provided for automated monitoring of one or more procedures comprising: an imaging device for identifying objects and persons and detecting movements; a sound sensor for capturing sounds from the objects and persons; an odor sensor for detecting smells; a procedures database; a rules and schedules database; a sounds database; an odor database; and a computing device connected to the imaging device, sound sensor, and odor sensor for processing and storing data relating to the identified objects and persons, detected movements, captured sounds, detected smells and for analyzing and comparing said data with corresponding pre-stored parameters and data in the databases that include the procedures database, rules and schedules database, personnel database, objects database, sounds database, and odor database.

Depending on the financial capability or budget of a hospital or facility, a facility owner or administrator may choose to implement the method and system of the present disclosure only in critical facility rooms and areas such as the intensive care unit or the operating room.

In one example embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIG. 1, automated monitoring system 100 may include an imaging device 102, a sound sensor 104, an odor sensor 106, and/or a motion sensor 108. These components may be in communication with a computing device 110. The computing device 110 may include, among other standard computing components that are not depicted in FIG. 1, a communications module 112. The computing device 110 may also be in communication (e.g., via one or more networks 126) with a sounds database 114, an odor database 116, a procedures database 118, a rules and schedules database 120, a personnel database 122, and/or an objects database 124. The databases 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, and/or 124 may reside within the vicinity of the computing device 110 (e.g., in the same room, or within the same computing device), or may be stand-alone computing devices connected to the computing device 110 through the cloud or a network 126. The databases 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, and/or 124 may each be implemented on a separate computing system, or they may be collectively distributed across one or computing systems, such as blade servers of a server farm.

As shown in the example illustrated in FIG. 1, a main server 128 may be in communication with the network 126. In addition, the main server 128 may be in communication with a security monitoring device 130, a personnel monitoring device 132, and a supervisor monitoring device 134. The security monitoring device 130, personnel monitoring device 132, and supervisor monitoring device 134 can be any of a laptop computer, desktop computer, cell phone, tablet computer, a set top box, a PDA, or other common form factors for computing devices.

Imaging device 102 may be any device capable of capturing, recording, or storing an image, video, and other forms of digital or electronic representation of an object or a scene. Imaging devices incorporated into various embodiments may come in various forms. These forms are well-known and are available commercially. Commonly used imaging devices are semiconductor charged-coupled devices (“CCD”) or active pixel sensors in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”). Examples of imaging devices may include digital cameras, video cameras, closed-circuit televisions (“CCTVs”), webcams and smart cameras.

Sound sensor 104 may be any device capable of capturing, recording, or storing a digital representation of a sound. Sound sensor 104 may take various forms, most of which are well-known and are available commercially. Many of these sound sensors are microphone-based. Examples of microphone-based sound sensors include piezoelectric microphones, MEMS microphones, condenser microphones, fiber optic microphones, electret condenser microphones, dynamic microphones, ribbon microphones, carbon microphones, laser microphones, and liquid microphones. Sound data captured by sound sensor may, in some embodiments, be stored in sounds database 114.

Odor sensor 106 may be any device or component capable of capturing, recording, and/or storing odor data representative of a sensed odor. Odor sensors may alternatively be referred to as “electronic noses.” Various types of odor sensors 106 appropriate for use in the present disclosure are known and available commercially. Odor sensors 106 may operate based on various techniques, such as the use of conducting polymers, polymer composites, metal-oxide semiconductors, quartz crystal microbalance, surface acoustic wave, mass spectrometry, and ultra-fast gas chromatography. Data collected by these odor sensors 106 may be used in conjunction with other technology such as artificial intelligence, deep learning, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, pattern recognition, etc. for analyzing odor-related data. Captured odor data may be stored in the odor database 116.

Motion sensors 108 that may be used in accordance with the disclosure are those that are based on infrared, optical, microwave, ultrasonic, acoustic, or tomographic sensors, and those that fall under the category of occupancy sensors. The sensors used in accordance with the disclosure may be of passive or dynamic type, or a combination of both. Passive infrared sensors work by detecting heat movement. They comprise a pyroelectric sensor designed to detect infrared radiation radiated by a moving body. When the passive infrared sensor detects body heat movement, the sensor may activate any lighting system connected to it.

Ultrasonic sensors, which are similar to radar sensors, are based on the Doppler-shift principle. An ultrasonic sensor transmits high frequency sound waves in a monitored area and detects reflected wave patterns. When it detects continuously changing reflected pattern, the automated monitoring system 100 takes that to mean that someone is occupying a room and light inside the room is switched on. If the reflected pattern does not change for a given period of time, the sensor assumes the room is unoccupied and the light is turned off.

Microwave sensors works in a similar way except that they transmit high frequency microwaves. Microwave sensors offers the advantage in that they are very sensitive and can have a detection range as far as 1,500 feet. The monostatic type can be used to define a detection area based on the microwave beam that it emits and can have a detection range up to 400 linear feet. The user may vary the beam configuration, e.g., long, narrow, short, or oval shape, depending on the intended application. The bistatic version offers a longer detection range, up to 1,500 linear feet, but it does not allow one to define the area of detection as precisely as a monostatic sensor. While many motion detectors are able to detect up to 15 feet, tomographic-based motion sensors offer the capability of covering large areas and the ability to penetrate most walls and obstructions and to detect multiple locations, rather than just at the location of the transmitter.

To minimize the incidences of false alarms, a combination of different types of motion sensors 108 may be used, such as a combination of infrared and microwave motion sensors. For example, the infrared sensor's detection of a movement can be used to trigger the microwave sensor, which requires a higher threshold to trip, so that an alarm or alert is triggered only when the microwave sensor also detects motion following the infrared sensor's detection of a movement.

The communications module 112 may be a standalone device or a component of a device that facilitates communication—e.g., sending and receiving of commands, triggers, notifications, prompts, acknowledgments, information, messages, forms, and various types of data such as video, text, and audio—between, for example, the computing device 110 and any one of the sensors such as the imaging sensor 102, sound sensor 104, and odor sensor 106, or between computing device 110 and other computing devices and systems depicted in FIG. 1. Direct communication among the various sensors, instead of just between the computing device 110 and the various sensors, may also take place in accordance with the different embodiments of the present disclosure. Thus, in one example embodiment of the present disclosure, the computing device 110 and each sensor may have their own communications modules to allow communication with each other and other devices and networks. As used herein, when devices are described as being “in communication with” each other, that may refer to communication using various wireless technologies (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, coded light, directed audio, etc.) and/or various types of physical connections or channels such as copper wires, optical fibers, Ethernet, etc.

In some embodiments, the computing device 110 may initially send one or more commands, via the communications module 112, to one or more sensors to wake them up from a sleep state or other low power states. Each of the triggered sensors may then transmit an acknowledgment to the computing device 110 via its own communications module (not depicted in FIG. 1) to signal that it has been activated. Alternatively, the activation of a first sensor by the computing device 110 may be followed by the triggering of the other sensors by the first sensor (instead of by the computing device 110) through the sensors' own communications modules. In an example embodiment, each sensor sends or receives data to and from the computing device 110, which may then transmit the data through the communications module 112, via the network 126, to the main server 128 or to at least one of the databases 114, 116, 118, 120, 122 and 124. In another embodiment of the disclosure, the sensors may directly transmit or exchange data via their own communications module to or with any of the databases 114, 116, 118, 120, 122 and 124 or the main server 128 through the network 126, instead of first sending the data to the computing device 110.

In accordance with the various embodiments of the present disclosure, communications module 112 may include any transmitter or receiver used for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, infrared, NFC, radio frequency, cellular communication, visible light communication, Li-Fi, WiMAX, ZigBee, and other forms of wireless communication. Alternatively, the communications module 112 may be connected to network 126 via a physical channel such as a USB cable, fiber optics, or other wired forms of communication.

In accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, objects and persons may be detected and identified using image data captured by imaging device 102. Object and person detection may be accomplished based on the captured image data using various techniques, such as pattern recognition, image recognition, image registration, object recognition, facial recognition, feature extraction, color recognition, optical character recognition, motion analysis covering tasks such as egomotion, tracking, and optical flow, pose estimation, machine vision, machine learning, content-based image retrieval, shape recognition, artificial intelligence, neural networks, and other methods of image processing as well as other types of computer vision-based technology. Data relating to hospital personnel, such as images of physicians, nurses, security, and maintenance staff may be stored in the personnel database 122. Data relating to hospital equipment, devices, and medical supplies may be stored in the objects database 124.

In an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging device 102 may be used along with a motion sensor 108 installed in front of a hospital room, for example, to allow for automatic opening of doors, to detect the presence or identity of anyone who wishes to enter (or enters) the room. In some embodiments, one or more motion sensors 108 may be strategically installed in various locations inside a room such as a hospital or an ALF room. When the motion sensors 108 detect motion, they may activate other sensors such as sound sensor 104, odor sensor 106, and imaging device 102. For example, when the motion sensors 108 detect motion, the automated monitoring system 100 may turn on the lights in the room (if initially switched off) to permit timely and accurate detection and recognition of any person inside the room using image data captured by imaging device 102.

In various embodiments, the scheduled procedures, tasks, events, maintenance, and visitations in hospitals, ALFs, or nursery schools may be encoded and stored in the procedures database 118 and/or the rules and schedules database 120. For example, the procedures database 118 may store requested patient visitations, patient examinations and other medical procedures, hospital room maintenance tasks, scheduled security checks, etc . . . . A computer program may then be used to perform the scheduling of each requested task or procedure depending on the urgency of need, availability of one or more medical personnel, availability of the hospital facility required for a medical procedure, availability of needed medical supplies, etc. Once the schedules for these tasks and procedures have been fixed, the automated monitoring system 100 then encodes these schedules tasks, events, and procedures into the rules and procedures database 118.

The schedules for the various procedures may be stored in the rules and schedules database 120, while pending tasks may be stored in the procedures database 118. Any previously-scheduled tasks which have not yet been performed and not yet rescheduled may be assigned as pending tasks and may be stored as such in the procedures database 118. In some embodiments, the rules and schedules database 120 may prescribe the order in which each scheduled tasks is to be monitored, how frequently to monitor, what the alternative action should be in case a task or part of a task was not performed, etc. For example, one or more computing devices associated with the automated monitoring system 100 may detect if the scheduled administration of a medicine was performed before the patient's meal, and may notify the medical personnel if that particular medicine was supposed to have been administered after meals. Also, one or more computing devices associated with the automated monitoring system 100 may notify the maintenance department via email, phone call, and/or text message if a maintenance personnel forgot to clean one area in one of the hospital rooms. One or more computing devices associated with the automated monitoring system 100 may also notify the appropriate department of an unscheduled event if, for example, the automated monitoring system 100's odor sensor 106 in one of the hospital rooms suddenly detects a foul smell inside the room. Other types of databases may also be used in conjunction with the procedures database 118 and the rules and schedules database 120, such as an accounts and billings database (not depicted).

As an example, suppose a hospital rule regarding noise and visitation hours is enforced every day past midnight in every hospital room. In one example embodiment, the automated monitoring system 100 may be configured to monitor and detect for a set time interval, such as between midnight and 7 am, sounds that correspond to loud noises, a patient falling from a bed or in the bathroom, people talking, screaming, loud music playing, banging noises, alarms, bells, toy sounds, sirens, and loud sounds coming from a radio, television, computer, laptop, etc. In some embodiments, the automated monitoring system 100 may be configured to only raise an alert when sound levels above a certain threshold are detected. In this way, a sound that would normally not disturb or awaken a resting or sleeping patient may still be detected by the automated monitoring system 100 but would not cause an alert or notification to be triggered and transmitted to the hospital staff or security.

In various embodiments, certain smells such as the smell of urine, feces, vomit, medicinal smells, cauterizing smells, and/or smoke inside a room can also be monitored and detected by the present disclosure using an odor sensor 106 and a smoke detector. In some embodiments, the automated monitoring system 100 may be configured to raise one or more alerts in response to one or more detected odors, e.g., in conjunction with detection of other data points such as persons and/or medical equipment in the area. For example, if the smell of feces, urine, and/or vomit is detected in an enclosed area, such as a patient's private room, the automated monitoring system 100 may raise an alert (e.g., send an email or text message, or make an audible announcement over a public announcement system) to prompt one or more caregivers to clean sheets, change a diaper, or take other appropriate responsive action.

The presence of visitors or persons other than the patient in a hospital room may be detected using the imaging device 102, optionally in conjunction with at least one motion sensor 108. In some embodiments, every patient, medical personnel, maintenance staff, security personnel, administrative personnel, and every other hospital employee within the hospital premises may be required to wear a uniform that includes some sort of visual indicia for identifying them. This visual indicia may come in various forms, such as a large-sized barcode, and may be placed at various positions on the person, such as in front and/or at the back of a patient's robe or a doctor's uniform. In some embodiments, the visual indication may also include a person's complete name, department, and position, e.g., adjacent to the barcode.

Alternatively, the identification indicia on the hospital robe or uniform may include a pattern or set of symbols, which may be unique to each hospital employee or patient, to make it easy for the automated monitoring system 100 of the present disclosure to distinguish individuals who, for example, are still in the room past visitation hours. In some embodiments, every hospital visitor may be required to wear an identification indicia, such as a barcode pin, RFID tag, or a removable visitor identification sticker that can be placed both in front and the back of a visitor's clothes. Thus, visitors who stay in the hospital rooms beyond visitation hours can easily be tracked and appropriately notified or alerted when visitation hours have ended. Requiring all visitors to wear any of these identification indicia may also enable the automated monitoring system 100 to identify any person and thus prevent any unauthorized entry to any room in the hospital. For example, the automated monitoring system 100 may prevent a patient's visitor from entering a hospital laboratory or an MRI room, unless previously authorized by the hospital administration and unless the authorization has been entered into the automated monitoring system 100. The authorization may be issued by a main attending physician or a hospital administrator via his or her hospital-issued portable device 134 or by an automated monitoring system 100 administrator. The automated monitoring system 100 administrator can be, for example, the head of the hospital's IT department who work closely with the hospital director or administration office.

The automated monitoring system 100 of the present disclosure may also useful for monitoring a room such as a hospital or assisted living facility room for identifying prohibited activities. For example, the monitoring system 100 may monitor patients who are required to fast for a certain time period, e.g., prior to a fasting blood panel. Using object recognition, odor detection, and/or radiation detection, the monitoring system 100 may detect when, for example, visitors bring in prohibited items or devices that may interfere with the operation of hospital equipment, or that could exacerbate a patient or resident's existing ailment or condition. Various types of radiation detectors, such as a radio wave detector, are known and available commercially. In the case of cigarette smoking detection, the automated monitoring system 100 may also include the use of a smoke detector, in addition to an odor sensor 106 and an imaging device 102.

In another example, the monitoring of a scheduled medical personnel visitation or patient check-up may be conducted by the automated monitoring system 100 by first running through the scheduled patient tests or examinations or other scheduled tasks for that day that were previously encoded into the procedures database 118 and the rules and schedules database 120. The automated monitoring system 100 may then confirm via the rules and schedules database 120 other details relating to the scheduled procedure such as the hospital room to which the patients is to be transported, the type of procedure to be performed on the patient, and the medical personnel assigned to perform the procedure. The automated monitoring system 100 may also look up the personnel database 122 for other needed information such as the name, department, title, position, and contact information of hospital employees scheduled to show up for a patient visitation.

The automated monitoring system 100 may then send notification to the assigned medical personnel to remind them ahead of time of the scheduled visitation and other procedures or tasks based on the information stored in the rules and schedules database 120 and other databases. The automated monitoring system 100 may repeatedly the reminders to the assigned medical personnel until each of the assigned medical personnel has confirmed their receipt of the reminder. When at least one of the assigned medical personnel has failed to respond to the automated monitoring system 100, say, within five minutes of the scheduled patient visitation, the automated monitoring system 100 may transmit a notification to the concerned medical personnel over the hospital's public broadcast system or paging system. If the missing medical personnel still fails to reply to the public notification after a given period, the automated monitoring system 100 may note the failure of the missing medical personnel to reply and send a message to the missing medical personnel, appropriate department, supervisor, or administration office that the medical personnel has failed to show up for a scheduled patient visitation. The automated monitoring system 100 may also send a request, for example, to the main attending physician, appropriate department, nursing station, or to the administration office for a substitute medical personnel to replace the missing medical staff originally assigned to attend to the scheduled patient visitation.

The system-generated reminder for the scheduled patient visitation may be sent by the automated monitoring system 100 to hospital-issued portable devices 130, 132, and 134 assigned to each medical personnel, the notification being sent within a preset time, for example, at least fifteen minutes or half-an-hour before the scheduled visitation, depending on the urgency of the procedure. The same hospital-issued portable devices 130, 132, and 134 assigned to each medical personnel may also be used by the doctors, for example, to transmit requests for the scheduling of a medical procedure, task, examination or laboratory test for a patient by the automated monitoring system 100.

In some embodiments, detection of the entry of the assigned medical personnel into the scheduled patient room may be performed by the automated monitoring system 100 by scanning, for example, a barcode worn or embossed on the medical personnel's uniform, or by reading a radio-frequency identification (“RFID”) tag worn by the medical staff using an RFID reader. Confirmation of the identity of the medical personnel assigned to conduct a patient visitation for that time may be performed via, for example, facial or pattern recognition. The medical staff patient visitation may be partially or entirely recorded digitally. If the identified medical personnel is not the one assigned to conduct the patient check-up, e.g., the medical personnel was a last-minute replacement, the automated monitoring system 100 may communicate this to the substitute medical personnel over a microphone preferably located inside the hospital room, and the automated monitoring system 100 may also communicate with the medical staff originally assigned to handle the patient visit to confirm from him or her that the identified replacement will be conducting the patient check-up at the scheduled time.

In various embodiments, in conjunction with the procedure and system described above, the automated monitoring system 100 may assign a job code for each scheduled task or procedure, such as a four-number or five-number code. Each of these assigned job codes may then be transmitted to the medical personnel or maintenance staff scheduled to perform a task or procedure. In addition, each hospital employee may have a unique identification code and/or a hospital-issued smart card that identifies them to the automated monitoring system 100. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the medical or maintenance personnel assigned to perform a procedure may first be required to enter his or her identification code using a numeric keypad that is connected to the automated monitoring system 100 and which is located at the room entrance. When the automated monitoring system 100 recognizes that the identification code is valid, the medical personnel may then be asked to enter the job code assigned to a scheduled procedure that was previously sent to the medical personnel. This tells the automated monitoring system 100 that the medical personnel has arrived in the scheduled hospital room to perform the procedure. After the medical personnel has completed the procedure, he or she may enter his or her security code and the job code again, which informs the automated monitoring system 100 that the task or procedure has been completed. The monitoring system 100 may then record the time and day during which the procedure was performed, and also may record the identity of the medical personnel who performed the task.

In a further embodiment, a piece of specialized equipment used by a medical personnel during a patient visitation may have a button or other interface that when actuated, automatically transmits (wirelessly or via physical connections) a notification to the automated monitoring system 100 that the particular hospital device is to be used by a medical staff. Pressing the same button a second time or pressing a separate “complete” or “end” button transmits another notification to the automated monitoring system 100 that the use of the specific hospital device or equipment has been completed and the device or equipment is now in an “off” state. The scheduled hospital procedure may include checking the vital signs of a patient, intravenous fluid levels, and hospital equipment status, providing the patient's medicines, monitoring the intake of those medicines, performing or assisting in performing patient baths, such as a sponge bath, for incapacitated patients, and so forth. These procedures may be recorded by the automated monitoring system 100 and the digital recording stored in one of the hospital's databases for a set duration, after which the recording may be deleted to recover electronic storage space.

The automated monitoring system 100 may also be used to detect, e.g., via image data captured by the imaging device 102, the status of the various medical equipment and devices inside a hospital room, including medical supplies, such as the current level of oxygen gas and intravenous fluid. If the automated monitoring system 100 detects a below threshold value for any of those medical equipment, devices or supplies, the automated monitoring system 100 may send a notification to the medical staff and/or maintenance personnel.

Following these steps, the automated monitoring system 100 may then send a message to the hospital's accounting and billing department, for example, that relays at least some of the following information to the accounting database: the type and model number of the device or equipment used at a particular time and room, patient name, age, primary physician assigned (if any), duration and number of times of use of the hospital device and equipment, and the name of the medical staff that used the equipment, amount of medication administered, a number of fungible hospital consumables (e.g., IV bags, needles, sponges, bandages, etc.) used, among others. The appropriate fees for the use of the equipment and any corresponding doctor's fees may be charged automatically by the automated monitoring system 100 to the patient's account.

In still another example, the automated monitoring system 100 may be used to monitor a scheduled test or examination of a patient who is to be transported into another room or in a different area of a hospital, e.g., physician room, X-ray room, MRI room, physical therapy room, rehabilitation department, or surgery room. Again, the automated monitoring system 100 may first send reminders to the assigned medical staff regarding a scheduled patient examination in another room or facility, e.g., at least half-an-hour, before the scheduled patient examination. The same or similar notification procedure as described in detail above may be used. In a similar way as previously described, the automated monitoring system 100 may detect the entry of the hospital staff assigned to transport the patient to another room or facility within the hospital and also identifies the medical personnel conducting the test or examination in the other room or facility.

Thus, the automated monitoring system of the present disclosure may act as a multifunctional and comprehensive monitoring system that monitors different events, tasks, procedures, locations, personnel, schedules, device and equipment status, maintenance requests, bill payments, patient discharge dates, etc. For example, in addition to the examples provided above, the automated monitoring system 100 can also be used to detect and identify the equipment used in the test or examination, such as X-ray or MRI, and then transmit the corresponding information to the hospital's accounts and billing department database to record the procedure performed on the patient and automatically charge the patient's account accordingly. If medicines, consumables such as syringe, intravenous fluid, blood from a blood bank, and other non-reusable medical items were administered during a scheduled hospital visit, the automated monitoring system 100 will notify the appropriate department such as the hospital pharmacy, blood bank, requisitions, accounting and billing, etc. that those medical items, among others, were used or consumed during the scheduled hospital visit. This helps ensure that the hospital is always amply stocked with those medical items. In some embodiments, the automated monitoring system 100 may also automatically place an order for the specific medical items that are running low based on the preset threshold relating to the minimum number or amount of a medical or maintenance objects that should always be readily available for the entire hospital staff.

In still another embodiment of the disclosure depicted in FIG. 2, the automated monitoring system 100 may be used to monitor the performance of a scheduled regular hospital or assisted living facility room maintenance. In this embodiment, the entrance of a cleaning staff 200 in a room is detected by scanning the staff's barcode on his uniform using an imaging device 102 (not depicted in FIG. 2) or by the maintenance staff's entering his employee code and appropriate job code into a numeric keypad (not depicted) located in front of a room. In another alternative, the cleaning staff wears an RFID tag 202 which is then read by an RFID sensor/reader 204 strategically located inside the facility room. As shown in FIG. 2, the bathroom inside the facility's room to be cleaned by the janitor includes a motion detector 206 to detect the entry or presence of one or more persons. Sensors, including the motion detector 206, for recording the motion and location of the cleaning personnel allows the detection and monitoring of the cleaning of various areas of the room including a bathroom or washroom inside a facility or hospital room. Again, the entire room cleaning procedure may be recorded and stored digitally by the automated monitoring system 100 and then uploaded to a database or server in the facility maintenance department. The recorded video may be used, for example, in determining if the scheduled room maintenance has been performed, if all areas of the room have been cleaned and the sheets replaced, and whether the cleaning and other maintenance tasks, such as replacing the bathroom toilet paper 208 and other toiletries, have been performed properly.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, the automated monitoring system 100 may be used to monitor activities and sleeping schedules of the occupants inside an ALF. For example, the automated monitoring system 100 may detect noises, laughter, and recognize the faces of the ALF residents via the image recognition system. Based on this detected data, the automated monitoring system 100 may determine that ALF residents are still inside the recreation room of the facility even though it is already past the residents' bedtime(s). In another case, the automated monitoring system 100 may detect the presence of an elderly resident who has wondered into an unauthorized area of the facility at 2 am. The automated monitoring system 100 may then send an alert to the facility staff, e.g., the nursing or security personnel, informing them about the situation. The automated monitoring system 100 may also automatically switch off the lights in the residents' rooms at the scheduled residents' bedtime when it fails to detects any motion within, say, fifteen minutes from the beginning of the set bedtime. In some embodiments, the automated monitoring system 100 may automatically play a soothing music or a resident's favorite music, say, for the first ten minutes from the set bedtime. The automated monitoring system 100 may also send a notification to the facility staff if continuous motion away from the bed is detected, such as when the resident is walking back and forth in his or her room past bedtime.

The automated monitoring system 100 of the present disclosure may also be used to record certain activities of the residents inside the ALF. For example, the residents' relatives may request that the automated monitoring system 100 regularly transmit, for example, by the end of each day, recorded videos of the residents while they are engaged in activities such as exercising and eating. This allows the family or relatives of the resident to monitor the well-being of the resident and ensure that the resident is eating properly and exercising regularly.

When the automated monitoring system 100 fails to detect the performance of a scheduled task such as a scheduled doctor visitation or a room maintenance within a given time, such as half-an-hour past the scheduled task or event, the automated monitoring system 100 may transmit a notification, preferably through the hospital's paging system first, to one or more of the following: nursing station, primary physician, assisting primary physician, hospital department head or office such as EENT, radiology, neurology, pediatrics, otolaryngology, gynecology, or the hospital administration office. If the primary physician, for example, fails to reply to the hospital's paging system, such as when the primary physician is outside the hospital, the automated monitoring system 100 may then send an email and/or a text message directly to the primary physician's cellphone or other portable devices 134. Until an appropriate reply has been received from any of the called or paged party, the automated monitoring system 100 will keep sending the notification repeatedly at regular intervals, such as every ten minutes. When the primary physician, for example, has sent the appropriate reply to the automated monitoring system 100, such as by texting or emailing the reply “notification received,” the automated monitoring system may stop sending the alerts and the doctor can then proceed to the hospital room to perform the scheduled patient visitation.

In some cases, as illustrated in FIG. 3, a first physician 300 who is alerted regarding a scheduled patient visitation may instead request a second physician 302 to conduct the scheduled visitation within a specific time range. Also shown in FIG. 3 are a microphone 304 for recording sounds and an odor sensor 306 for detecting smells. An imaging device 308 may also be used for identifying persons, medical supplies such as the intravenous fluid bag 310, and equipment such as the ECG monitor 312, and for detecting movement inside the hospital room. In such a case, the first physician 300 may request the automated monitoring system 100 to capture a video and sound recording of the hospital room during the scheduled visitation by the second physician 302. After some time, the first physician 300 may then confirm if the patient visitation has been conducted by the second physician 302 by requesting the automated monitoring system 100 to download a video recording of the requested patient visitation to the first physician 300's device 314. This may allow the first physician 300 not only to verify if the patient visitation had already performed by the other physician 302, but may also allow the first physician to verify if all the required procedures scheduled for the patient had been completed and if the procedures were performed properly. This would be particularly useful if the first, more senior physician 300, for example, is the second physician 302's supervising physician, such as when the second physician 302 is working for his medical internship, residency, or fellowship at the hospital under the supervision of the first physician 300. The supervising physician 300 may then later use the downloaded recorded video to discuss the patient's status with the second physician 302, and to also review the performance of the second physician 302 being trained and supervised. The same or similar procedure may also be used in cases where the scheduled task or event involves other medical staff, maintenance personnel, security staff, and administrative personnel.

FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred method of the present disclosure. At block 400, the automated monitoring system 100 may determine a procedure taking place within an enclosed area by determining contextual data related to the enclosed area. For example, the automated monitoring system 100 may identify contextual data such as objects and persons present in the area, along with corresponding sounds and/or odors sensed within the enclosed area. As noted above, identification of objects and persons may be accomplished, for instance, by performing image processing on image data captured by an imaging device 102.

At block 402, the contextual data and/or the procedure determined based on the contextual data may be compared with the corresponding pre-stored parameters in the rules and schedules database 120. At block 404, the automated monitoring system 100 may execute a corresponding action based on the compared procedure and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database 120 based on the compared procedure. After executing the system-prescribed action based on the system-generated decision, the method may return to block 400, at which the automated monitoring system 100 repeats the process of monitoring any detected one or more procedures.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example method of determining a procedure (operation 400) illustrated in FIG. 4. At block 500, the automated monitoring system 100 may identify objects and persons using the imaging device 102 and detecting movements by the motion sensor 108 (step 500). Persons and objects may be identified by comparing acquired data relating to persons and objects with pre-stored data (e.g., personnel and hospital equipment photographs) and parameters in the personnel database 122 and objects database 124, respectively. In some embodiments, motion detection may be performed based on imaging data captured by the imaging device 102, rather than (or in conjunction with) based on data captured by the motion sensor 108. For example, a sequence of frames of a video captured by imaging device 102 may be used to detect user motion.

At block 502, the automated monitoring system 100 may detects sounds using the sound sensor 104. At block 504, the automated monitoring system 100 may detect odors using the odor sensor 106. At block 506, the automated monitoring system 100 may determine a procedure to be performed, e.g., by correlating the identified objects and persons, detected movements, captured sounds, and detected odors with the corresponding pre-stored data and parameters in the procedures database 118. For example, suppose the automated monitoring system 100 identifies a doctor and an MRI scanner inside a hospital room. By correlating the data relating to the identified doctor and MRI scanner with the pre-stored data and parameters in the procedures database 118, say, under persons and objects category, the automated monitoring system 100 may determine that an MRI procedure is scheduled to be performed inside the hospital room on that day and time. After the automated monitoring system 100 determines the procedure, the determined procedure may then be correlated with corresponding pre-stored data and parameters in the rules and schedules database 120 at block 402 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred method of the comparison between the determined procedure and the corresponding pre-stored parameters in the rules and schedules database 120 (block 402) illustrated in FIG. 4. After determining a procedure at block 400 of FIG. 4, at block 600, the automated monitoring system 100 may verify if the determined procedure corresponds to a scheduled procedure, task, or event. If the determined procedure corresponds to a scheduled procedure, at block 602, the determined procedure may be further verified for compliance with the rules stored in the rules and schedules database 120. Alternatively, if at block 600 the determined procedure does not comply with the rules and schedules, at block 604, the computing device 110 or another component may determine a corresponding alternative decision and action from the rules and schedules database 120. For example, suppose a janitor was detected to have entered an activity room in an ALF at 9:00 AM. The automated monitoring system 100 may verify from the rules and schedules database 120 that there is a scheduled cleaning task at 9:00 AM in the activity room. If the automated monitoring system 100 determines that the janitor has not entered the activity room's bathroom by the end of the cleaning period, the automated monitoring system 100 may concludes that the bathroom of the activity room has not been cleaned. The automated monitoring system 100 may send a notification to the janitor or his supervisor to notify him or her that the bathroom had not been cleaned as scheduled.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example method of the execution of a corresponding action based on the compared procedure and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database 120 (operation 404). After the computing device 110 determines the corresponding decision and action from the rules and schedules database 120 (block 604), at block 700, the automated monitoring system 100 may check if the action requires a notification. If a notification is required, at block 702, the automated monitoring system 100 may sends a notification to the appropriate individuals or departments. Afterwards, at block 704, the automated monitoring system 100 may verify if the system-required action necessitates activating one or more devices and equipment. If device or equipment activation is required, at block 706, the automated monitoring system 100 may activate, switches on, and/or otherwise enable the corresponding one or more devices and equipment. Examples of such activation of devices and equipment are automatically locking doors, turning off lights, adjusting room temperature, and closing windows. Afterwards, the automated monitoring system 100 continues to monitor one or more procedures within the enclosed area.

While several inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.

All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”

The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.

As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of” “only one of,” or “exactly one of” “Consisting essentially of” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.

As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.

It should also be understood that, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, in any methods claimed herein that include more than one step or act, the order of the steps or acts of the method is not necessarily limited to the order in which the steps or acts of the method are recited. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for automated monitoring comprising: obtaining, by one or more processors, image data captured of an enclosed area by an imaging device; obtaining, by the one or more processors, audio data captured from the enclosed area by a sound sensor and storing the captured sound data in a sounds database; obtaining, by the one or more processors, odor data captured from the enclosed area by an odor sensor and storing the captured odor data in an odor database; determining, by the one or more processors based on the image data, the audio data stored in the sounds database, and the odor data stored in the odor database, an activity taking place within the enclosed area, wherein one or more objects or persons are identified by performing image processing on the image data; comparing, by the one or more processors, the determined activity with corresponding data and parameters previously stored in a rules and schedules database; and selecting, by the one or more processors, an action to be performed based on the compared activity and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: obtaining, by the one or more processors, motion data captured by a motion sensor, wherein the determining is further based on the motion data.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying, by the one or more processors, motion of one or more persons in the enclosed area based on the image data captured by the imaging device.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the determining is further based on the identified motion.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein after the activity violates one or more rules in the rules and schedules database, the action to be performed comprises: raising an alert to a caregiver that the patient has violated the one or more rules.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more rules comprise a rule that the patient is supposed to fast for a predetermined time interval.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more rules comprise a rule that the patient is supposed to be asleep during a predetermined time interval.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the odor data comprises the smell of urine, feces, or vomit in the enclosed area.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the action to be performed comprises: raising an alert to prompt a caregiver to change sheets or a diaper worn by a patient in the enclosed area.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the odor data comprises the smell of smoke in the enclosed area.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing, by the one or more processors, image processing on the captured image data to identify one or more persons in the enclosed area.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the image processing comprises identification of visual indicia worn by the one or more persons.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the image processing comprises facial recognition of the one or more persons.
 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising; performing, by the one or more processors, object recognition on the captured image data to identify medical equipment in the enclosed area.
 15. A system for automated monitoring of one or more procedures taking place within an enclosed area, the system comprising: an image data input configured to receive image data captured inside an enclosed area by an imaging device; an odor input configured to receive a signal from an odor sensor arranged to detect one or more odors from the enclosed area store the signal received from the odor sensor in an odor database; a rules and schedules database; and a computing device in communication with the imaging device, the odor sensor, and the rules and schedules database, wherein the computing device is configured to: perform image processing on the image data to identify one or more objects and one or more persons in the enclosed area; perform image processing on the image data to detect one or more movements of the one or more objects or by the one or more persons; store contextual data relating to the identified objects and persons, detected movements, and detected one or more odors stored in the odor database; and analyze and correlate the contextual data with corresponding pre-stored data parameters in the rules and schedules database.
 16. A system for automated monitoring of one or more procedures taking place within an enclosed area, the system comprising: at least one computer processor programmed to: identify, from image data acquired by an imaging device, one or more objects and one or more persons in the enclosed area; determine, based on the image data, audio data stored in a sounds database, and odor data stored in an odor database, obtained from the enclosed area, an activity taking place within the enclosed area; compare the activity taking place within the enclosed area with corresponding data stored in a rules and schedules databases; and select an action to be performed based on the compared activity and a decision generated by the rules and schedules database.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one computer processor is further programmed to: obtain motion data captured by a motion sensor, and determine the activity based on the motion data.
 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one computer processor is further programmed to: identify motion of one or more persons in the enclosed area based on the image data captured by the imaging device.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one computer processor is further programmed to: determine the activity based on the identified motion.
 20. The system of claim 16, wherein after the activity violates one or more rules in the rules and schedules database, the action to be performed comprises: raising an alert to a caregiver that a patient has violated the one or more rules. 